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His first Motorwagen was built in in Mannheim , Germany. Benz began promotion of the vehicle on 3 July , and about 25 Benz vehicles were sold between and , when his first four-wheeler was introduced along with a cheaper model. They also were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz car to his line of products.
Because France was more open to the early cars, initially more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany. In August Bertha Benz , the wife of Karl Benz, undertook the first road trip by car, to prove the road-worthiness of her husband's invention. In , Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine , called boxermotor.
It was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by another manufacturer, which they retrofitted with an engine of their design. By about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after disputes with their backers.
Benz, Maybach and the Daimler team seem to have been unaware of each other's early work. They never worked together; by the time of the merger of the two companies, Daimler and Maybach were no longer part of DMG. Daimler died in and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes that was placed in a specially ordered model built to specifications set by Emil Jellinek.
This was a production of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his country. Two years later, in , a new model DMG car was produced and the model was named Mercedes after the Maybach engine, which generated 35 hp. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers.
Negotiations between the two companies resumed several years later when these conditions worsened, and in , they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest, valid until the year Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, and sales and they advertised or marketed their car models jointly, although keeping their respective brands. Karl Benz remained a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until his death in , and at times, his two sons also participated in the management of the company.
In , Auguste Doriot and his Peugeot colleague Louis Rigoulot completed the longest trip by a gasoline-powered vehicle when their self-designed and built Daimler powered Peugeot Type 3 completed 2, km 1, miles from Valentigney to Paris and Brest and back again.
They were attached to the first Paris�Brest�Paris bicycle race, but finished 6 days after the winning cyclist, Charles Terront. The first design for an American car with a gasoline internal combustion engine was made in by George Selden of Rochester, New York. Selden applied for a patent for a car in , but the patent application expired because the vehicle was never built.
After a delay of sixteen years and a series of attachments to his application, on 5 November , Selden was granted a United States patent U. Patent , for a two-stroke car engine, which hindered, more than encouraged , development of cars in the United States.
His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and overturned in In , the first running, gasoline-powered American car was built and road-tested by the Duryea brothers of Springfield, Massachusetts. In Britain, there had been several attempts to build steam cars with varying degrees of success, with Thomas Rickett even attempting a production run in Lawson in , after purchasing the right to use the name of the engines.
Lawson's company made its first car in , and they bore the name Daimler. In , he built the first diesel engine. Although various pistonless rotary engine designs have attempted to compete with the conventional piston and crankshaft design, only Mazda 's version of the Wankel engine has had more than very limited success. All in all, it is estimated that over , patents created the modern automobile and motorcycle.
Large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable cars was started by Ransom Olds in at his Oldsmobile factory in Lansing, Michigan and based upon stationary assembly line techniques pioneered by Marc Isambard Brunel at the Portsmouth Block Mills , England, in The assembly line style of mass production and interchangeable parts had been pioneered in the U.
As a result, Ford's cars came off the line in fifteen-minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, increasing productivity eightfold, while using less manpower from Only Japan black would dry fast enough, forcing the company to drop the variety of colors available before , until fast-drying Duco lacquer was developed in This is the source of Ford's apocryphal remark, "any color as long as it's black".
Ford's complex safety procedures�especially assigning each worker to a specific location instead of allowing them to roam about�dramatically reduced the rate of injury. The efficiency gains from the assembly line also coincided with the economic rise of the United States. The assembly line forced workers to work at a certain pace with very repetitive motions which led to more output per worker while other countries were using less productive methods. In the automotive industry, its success was dominating, and quickly spread worldwide seeing the founding of Ford France and Ford Britain in , Ford Denmark , Ford Germany ; in , Citroen was the first native European manufacturer to adopt the production method.
Soon, companies had to have assembly lines, or risk going broke; by , companies which did not, had disappeared. Development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Key developments included electric ignition and the electric self-starter both by Charles Kettering , for the Cadillac Motor Company in � , independent suspension , and four-wheel brakes. Since the s, nearly all cars have been mass-produced to meet market needs, so marketing plans often have heavily influenced car design.
It was Alfred P. Sloan who established the idea of different makes of cars produced by one company, called the General Motors Companion Make Program , so that buyers could "move up" as their fortunes improved. Reflecting the rapid pace of change, makes shared parts with one another so larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each price range. For example, in the s, LaSalles , sold by Cadillac , used cheaper mechanical parts made by Oldsmobile ; in the s, Chevrolet shared hood, doors, roof, and windows with Pontiac ; by the s, corporate powertrains and shared platforms with interchangeable brakes , suspension, and other parts were common.
Even so, only major makers could afford high costs, and even companies with decades of production, such as Apperson , Cole , Dorris , Haynes , or Premier, could not manage: of some two hundred American car makers in existence in , only 43 survived in , and with the Great Depression , by , only 17 of those were left. In Europe, much the same would happen.
Most British small-car assemblers, from Abbey to Xtra , had gone under. Citroen did the same in France, coming to cars in ; between them and other cheap cars in reply such as Renault 's 10CV and Peugeot 's 5CV , they produced , cars in , and Mors , Hurtu , and others could not compete.
Only a handful of companies were producing vehicles in limited numbers, and these were small, three-wheeled for commercial uses, like Daihatsu , or were the result of partnering with European companies, like Isuzu building the Wolseley A-9 in Toyota , Nissan , Suzuki , Mazda , and Honda began as companies producing non-automotive products before the war, switching to car production during the s. Kiichiro Toyoda's decision to take Toyoda Loom Works into automobile manufacturing would create what would eventually become Toyota Motor Corporation , the largest automobile manufacturer in the world.
Subaru , meanwhile, was formed from a conglomerate of six companies who banded together as Fuji Heavy Industries , as a result of having been broken up under keiretsu legislation. According to the European Environment Agency , the transport sector is a major contributor to air pollution , noise pollution and climate change. Most cars in use in the s run on gasoline burnt in an internal combustion engine ICE. The International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers says that, in countries that mandate low sulfur gasoline, gasoline-fuelled cars built to late s standards such as Euro-6 emit very little local air pollution.
However some environmental groups say this phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles must be brought forward to limit climate change. Production of gasoline fueled cars peaked in Removal of fossil fuel subsidies, [43] [44] concerns about oil dependence , tightening environmental laws and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for cars. This includes hybrid vehicles , plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. Oil consumption has increased rapidly in the 20th and 21st centuries because there are more cars; the � oil glut even fuelled the sales of low-economy vehicles in OECD countries.
The BRIC countries are adding to this consumption. Cars are equipped with controls used for driving, passenger comfort, and safety, normally operated by a combination of the use of feet and hands, and occasionally by voice on 21st-century cars. These controls include a steering wheel , pedals for operating the brakes and controlling the car's speed and, in a manual transmission car, a clutch pedal , a shift lever or stick for changing gears, and a number of buttons and dials for turning on lights, ventilation, and other functions.
Modern cars' controls are now standardized, such as the location for the accelerator and brake, but this was not always the case.
Controls are evolving in response to new technologies, for example, the electric car and the integration of mobile communications. Some of the original controls are no longer required. For example, all cars once had controls for the choke valve, clutch, ignition timing , and a crank instead of an electric starter.
However new controls have also been added to vehicles, making them more complex. These include air conditioning , navigation systems , and in car entertainment. Another trend is the replacement of physical knobs and switches by secondary controls with touchscreen controls such as BMW 's iDrive and Ford 's MyFord Touch. Another change is that while early cars' pedals were physically linked to the brake mechanism and throttle, in the s, cars have increasingly replaced these physical linkages with electronic controls.
Cars are typically fitted with multiple types of lights. These include headlights , which are used to illuminate the way ahead and make the car visible to other users, so that the vehicle can be used at night; in some jurisdictions, daytime running lights ; red brake lights to indicate when the brakes are applied; amber turn signal lights to indicate the turn intentions of the driver; white-colored reverse lights to illuminate the area behind the car and indicate that the driver will be or is reversing ; and on some vehicles, additional lights e.
Interior lights on the ceiling of the car are usually fitted for the driver and passengers. Some vehicles also have a trunk light and, more rarely, an engine compartment light. During the late 20th and early 21st century cars increased in weight due to batteries, [47] modern steel safety cages, anti-lock brakes, airbags, and "more-powerful�if more-efficient�engines" [48] and, as of [update] , typically weigh between 1 and 3 tonnes.
The SmartFortwo , a small city car , weighs � kg 1,�1, lb. According to research conducted by Julian Allwood of the University of Cambridge , global energy use could be greatly reduced by using lighter cars, and an average weight of kg 1, lb has been said to be well achievable. Most cars are designed to carry multiple occupants, often with four or five seats. Cars with five seats typically seat two passengers in the front and three in the rear.
Full-size cars and large sport utility vehicles can often carry six, seven, or more occupants depending on the arrangement of the seats. On the other hand, sports cars are most often designed with only two seats. The costs of car usage, which may include the cost of: acquiring the vehicle, repairs and auto maintenance , fuel, depreciation , driving time, parking fees , taxes, and insurance, [8] are weighed against the cost of the alternatives, and the value of the benefits � perceived and real � of vehicle usage.
The benefits may include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence and convenience. Similarly the costs to society of car use may include; maintaining roads , land use , air pollution , road congestion , public health , health care, and of disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life; and can be balanced against the value of the benefits to society that car use generates.
Societal benefits may include: economy benefits, such as job and wealth creation, of car production and maintenance, transportation provision, society wellbeing derived from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from the tax opportunities. The ability of humans to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. Cars are a major cause of urban air pollution , [59] with all types of cars producing dust from brakes, tyres and road wear.
Many governments are using fiscal policies, such as road tax , to discourage the purchase and use of more polluting cars; [67] and many cities are doing the same with low-emission zones. High fuel taxes or cultural change may provide a strong incentive for consumers to purchase lighter, smaller, more fuel-efficient cars, or to not drive.
The lifetime of a car built in the s is expected to be about 16 years, or about 2 million kilometres 1. The manufacture of vehicles is resource intensive, and many manufacturers now report on the environmental performance of their factories, including energy usage, waste and water consumption.
Animals and plants are often negatively impacted by cars via habitat destruction and pollution. Over the lifetime of the average car the "loss of habitat potential" may be over 50, m 2 , sq ft based on primary production correlations. More recent road developments are including significant environmental mitigation in their designs, such as green bridges designed to allow wildlife crossings and creating wildlife corridors.
Growth in the popularity of vehicles and commuting has led to traffic congestion. New materials [85] which may replace steel car bodies include duralumin , fiberglass , carbon fiber , biocomposites , and carbon nanotubes. Telematics technology is allowing more and more people to share cars, on a pay-as-you-go basis, through car share and carpool schemes.
Communication is also evolving due to connected car systems. Fully autonomous vehicles, also known as driverless cars, already exist in prototype such as the Google driverless car , but have a long way to go before they are in general use. There have been several projects aiming to develop a car on the principles of open design , an approach to designing in which the plans for the machinery and systems are publicly shared, often without monetary compensation.
The projects include OScar , Riversimple through 40fires. Some car hacking through on-board diagnostics OBD has been done so far. Car-share arrangements and carpooling are also increasingly popular, in the US and Europe. Services like car sharing offering a residents to "share" a vehicle rather than own a car in already congested neighborhoods.
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles , more than three-quarters of which are cars. In there were 70 million cars manufactured worldwide, [92] down 2 million from the previous year. The automotive industry in China produces by far the most 24 million in , followed by Japan 8 million , Germany 5 million and India 4 million.
Around the world there are about a billion cars on the road; [94] they burn over a trillion liters of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly, consuming about 50 EJ nearly terawatt-hours of energy. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars. The car industry is also facing increasing competition from the public transport sector, as some people re-evaluate their private vehicle usage.
Established alternatives for some aspects of car use include public transport such as buses, trolleybuses , trains, subways , tramways , light rail , cycling, and walking. Bicycle sharing systems have been established in China and many European cities, including Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Similar programs have been developed in large US cities. The term motorcar was formerly also used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage.
These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Motorized passenger road vehicle. For the Pixar film, see Cars film. For other uses, see Car disambiguation or Automobile disambiguation. Cars and trucks driving on Highway in Ontario , Canada. Main article: History of the automobile.
See also: Automotive industry. See also: Alternative fuel vehicle. See also: Car controls. Main article: Automotive lighting. See also: Car body style , Car classification , Truck classification , and Vehicle size class. Main articles: Car safety , Traffic collision , Low speed vehicle , and Epidemiology of motor vehicle collisions. Main articles: Economics of car usage , Car costs , and Effects of the car on societies. See also: Exhaust gas , Waste tires , Environmental impact of transport , Motor vehicle emissions and pregnancy , Noise pollution , Environmental aspects of the electric car , Vehicle recycling , and Externalities of automobiles.
Main article: Autonomous car. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. November Main article: Open source car. Main article: Automotive industry.
March Main article: Alternatives to car use. Cars portal. Main article: Outline of automobiles. The Automobile Book. Paul Hamlyn. Pocket Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
ISBN September Retrieved 29 September Retrieved 10 August Archived from the original on 18 October Retrieved 18 October Carbon Brief. Retrieved 28 July Project Drawdown. Retrieved 20 November Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 22 December World report on road traffic injury prevention. World Health Organization. Retrieved 24 June Drive On! Granta Books. University of Virginia Press. Plunkett Research. Archived from the original on 22 July Online Etymology Dictionary.
Archived from the original on 6 March From a survey of events, most racing takes place in the USA or Canada. These machines are also considered for novelty purposes beyond racing i. Parades, run-abouts at other racing events. Although not technically built to a regulation as part of a racing series, custom street or import cars have become very similar to touring cars or GT cars in their performance.
The engines are typically the top performing 4 or 6 cylinder units offered in that model, although swaps are common as well. Many are stock turbocharged. Cars may race in Autocross events where class regulations permit the modifications made to the car.
Racing is generally on parking lots, kart tracks, and dedicated race circuits and is widespread throughout the Americas, UK and Australia. The original Cyclecars were built as minimalist vehicles positioned between motorcycles and more expensive cars.
They utilized motorcycle engines Hence the "cycle" part of the name instead of the multi-liter monsters found in touring cars of that era. They also had a minimalist chassis and simpler running gear compared to touring cars. The modern Cyclekart has a two-rail frame with cross-members upon which is built a wooden or metal monocoque-type structure that imparts additional rigidity.
It uses spoked motorcycle wheels all-around and is powered by a rear-mounted 6. The front of the car is suspended using leaf-springs and a tube beam axle, while the rear has no suspension. Many of the components are Azusa engineering kart parts, making sourcing them easier. The philosophy of these cars extends beyond racing to art and nostalgia. Cyclekart creators Peter and Michael Stevenson intended the cars to be great looking, fun to drive and an expression of each builder.
Many builders have created pre-war Bugattis, Delages, Alfas and Mercedes body styles but there is no restriction placed on styling except perhaps safety. Cyclekarts have been built and raced throughout the world.
They are capable of racing on dirt or pavement courses. They offer children 6 years and older an opportunity to get into drag racing 5 year olds can join a training class. The class has become very popular as a family racing opportunity and also as a training ground for stepping up to higher level drag series. Junior dragsters are characterized by their scratch-built single seat chassis, mid-engine that is, between the driver and rear tires rear-drive layout and covering bodywork.
A roll cage is integral to provide safety for the driver. The base class uses a 5 horsepower motor, with higher horsepower used for classes for older children. The chassis is relatively easy to construct and repair and the engine is reasonably low cost to maintain.
Production cars have likely been drag raced since there were two or more available. However, the first notable racing took place in the s when dry lake beds in southern California provided drag strips. They have enjoyed continued growth due to the low entry costs for beginners and the aftermarket customizability of production machines for drag racing. Production-based drag racers are characterized as a production vehicle modified with various degrees of customization in order to drive as quickly as possible in a straight line over a fixed distance.
No other type of race car, except perhaps Formula One is capable of generating as much acceleration as the drag racer. As the classes progress, bigger horsepower and bigger driving tires appear, alongside more safety and traction aids. Any car configuration can be dragged raced�Front, mid or rear engine with front, rear or 4 wheel drive. Scratch-built or purpose-built drag racers evolved from early production-based drag car developments. As production cars were stripped of all but the essential components for racing, there was recognition that the production car chassis had disadvantages for producing maximum acceleration, one of which was weight.
By using a scratch-built tube frame that removed the disadvantages, and enabled new advantages such as better weight distribution, the scratch-built drag racer was born.
Scratch-built drag racers are characterized by their unique chassis designs, slick tires and emphasis on maximum instantaneous straight line acceleration. Two styles predominate: Those with a body shell that appears like a production car, and dragsters which are long, slender single seat machines.
The dune buggy or off-road buggy originated as a custom built off-road machine based on the Volkswagen Beetle "Bug" chassis and engine. The high reliability and simplicity of the air-cooled motor lent itself well to use in desert areas of the US Southwest and Mexico, and hence the term "Dune Buggy" was coined.
Since that time, the dune buggy design has evolved to cover a wide variety of off-road terrains and purposes, including racing. They utilize treaded, knobby or sand paddle type tires mounted to a large travel suspension front and rear that enables the vehicle to travel over very rough terrain and jumps.
Racing events are held on dirt roads and on desert, wooded, and other natural terrain. Racing is held in many parts of the world, with the most well known races happening in the Mexico Baja and Africa i. The Paris-Dakar. The Formula car is a form of open-wheel race car that has evolved from the early s Grand Prix cars. Although the most well known forms are Formula One and Indycar, formula cars have been a staple of amateur motorsports, especially as a stepping stone to these top level series.
Modern amateur cars are characterized by their scratch-built single seat chassis, mid-engine rear-drive layout and aerodynamic bodywork. Non-winged versions of the formula car place emphasis on mechanical grip and cornering nimbleness.
Amateur racing classes for formula cars generally focus on designs which use a spaceframe chassis, 4 to 6 cylinder car or motorcycle engine, and fiberglass bodywork. Racing is generally on road course circuits and is therefore most popular in parts of Europe and the Americas where road course circuits are found. Winged formula cars use inverted wings at the front and rear of the car to provide downforce that presses the car down onto the track at speed.
This enables them to corner at speeds much higher than standard road cars. GT Grand Touring cars are production sports cars that have been modified to race on road circuits. The Grand Touring car evolved from the earliest makes of road cars from early s. They were built with luxury, style and horsepower for their era, all three of which were highly desireable to the rich clientele who bought them.
These exclusive cars were raced through the s and s, especially in longer endurance events such as the Mille Miglia miles that lent themselves to a "Grand touring" car.
As mass production of sports cars became widespread post WWII, the availability of high powered racing cars around the world spurred an explosion of GT racing. GT race cars differentiate themselves from Touring cars by being sports cars first, whereas touring race cars generally begin life as a Build Your Own War Eagle Boat Company family-type sedan.
Karting began with the first kart designed by Art Ingels in and has since technically evolved its basic racing technology. It is the simplest and lowest cost form of road and oval racing available but even so, the racing kart can out-compete many race cars costing 5 to 10 times as much.
Most karts use a centrifugal clutch, although some have gearboxes Called Shifter karts. Bodywork also varies from minimal bumpers on sprint karts to full cover bodywork on ovals or superkarts.
There is usually no suspension and no differential on a kart because the design bypasses the need for these. The flex in the tube frame and tires absorbs the bumps encountered and the kart uses a special front-end geometry that causes the inside rear wheel to lift slightly when turning corners So there is no need for the rear wheels to turn at different speeds. Racing is generally held on purpose-built kart tracks that are around 1 km 0.
Kart racing is run everywhere in the world, but is especially popular in Europe. They were the original home-built race cars and their garage builders made use of every available automotive and sometimes non-automotive part they could use. Some cars were even powered by outboard boat motors. Modern amateur cars have advanced in terms of technology, but the racing has the same premise: Drive as quickly around a dirt or paved oval race track.
They are characterized by their scratch-built single seat chassis, 4 cylinder front-engine, rear-drive layout, and encompassing roll cage. Post-World War II, the Quarter midgets appeared much as their full-scale counterparts did, as home-builts. Since that time, the Quarter midgets have evolved into modern race cars parallel to the full-size Midgets.
They use a scratch-built single seat chassis with a 1 or 2 cylinder mid-engine, rear drive layout and all-encompassing roll carge. The off-road truck Sometimes referred to as a "Trophy truck" is a specialized off-road racing vehicle that resembles a pickup truck. The off-road truck is characterized by a tube frame chassis with a high horsepower engine mounted at the front which drives either the two rear or all four of the wheels.
The suspension is built with long travel and is relatively softly sprung to absorb large bumps, dips and jumps the truck travels over at high speeds. The chassis is covered with composite bodywork and usually uses the space normally associated with a pickup truck bed for the storage of spare tires and support equipment.
Racing events are held on dirt roads and on desert, wooded, and other natural terrain with the most well known races happening in the Mexico Baja and Africa i. The custom off-road pickup truck is a specialized off-road vehicle designed to traverse extreme terrains such as steep-angled hillclimbs, mud bogs and boulders. The custom off-road pickup truck is characterized by a high ground clearance production 4WD truck chassis with a high-horsepower engine and large all-terrain tires.
The suspension is built with long travel to accommodate the large variations in the surface terrain it will be driven over.
Most trucks used in situations where roll-overs are possible will have a roll bar structure. Racing events take on my different forms. Some events test the truck and driver's ability to cross large mud bogs, while others test the truck and driver's Build Your Own War Eagle Boat Kitchen ability to climb near vertical hill sides.
Other events involve testing the agility of the truck and skill of the driver in traversing a terrain of large boulders. Events are run worldwide where suitable challenging terrain exists, but are predominantly in North America. The scratch-built pickup truck is characterized by a tube frame chassis with a high horsepower engine mounted at the front which drives the two rear wheels. The suspension design and chassis place the truck very close to the ground for the lowest possible CG Center of gravity.
The chassis is covered with formed sheet steel bodywork that gives the shape of a pickup truck. A rear spoiler provides downforce. UK Racing is through a spec manufacturer only and the NASCAR truck series is prohibitively expensive for an amateur racer, but the type is included in our race car types because of its potential future in local racing.
It is a bike-type off-road machine that has been used primarily in off-road dirt-type racing. It has also been used in oval dirt and in paved track racing and fits, despite its handle bar controls and saddle seat, the definition a small race car. Quads are characterized today by a tube frame chassis, mid-engine and rear or four wheel drive. They utilize treaded, knobby, and even slick type tires mounted to an independent front and swingarm solid-axle rear suspension usually.
For off-road racing, the suspension is long-travel to enables the vehicle to travel over very rough terrain and jumps. For oval or pavement type racing the suspension has less travel and the chassis is lowered. Racing events are held on desert, wooded, and other natural terrain as well as dirt ovals and paved tracks.
Racing is held in many parts of the world. The Rally car is a unique type of road racing car that is designed to travel at the highest possible speeds over closed public roads from a start location to an end location. The timed races Called Rallies often combine dirt and paved roads and can include snow and ice covered conditions.
Most Rally cars are production sports cars that have been modified with upgrades throughout to increase performance and make them more durable for the punishing conditions they race under. Riding mowers racing began in the s as a form of novelty. Since that time they have grown into a serious form of low-cost racing. To keep the racing low-cost, entry-level classes retain many stock components while most open classes allow customization of the powertrain and chassis.
Racing is generally held on small dirt tracks to keep the racing competitive and close. Racing takes place in the Americas, Europe and Australia. The designs began to change from that of road-going sports cars to the purpose-built racing machines we see today in endurance racing and the 24 hours of Le Mans.
Modern amateur sport racer cars are characterized by their scratch-built single or double seat chassis, mid-engine rear-drive layout and full-covering aerodynamic bodywork. Many sport racers use wings and underbody venturi tunnels to provide downforce that enables much higher cornering speeds.
Amateur racing classes for sport racers generally focus on designs which use a spaceframe chassis, 4 to 6 cylinder car or motorcycle engine, and fiberglass bodywork. Sprint cars began in the USA in the s and 40s as modified Model T racers and evolved into purpose built cars over the 30 years that followed.
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