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As appropriate, focus on broadening capabilities and commercialization plans. Commercially, there are many explorations of different human-machine interface modalities. Companies are developing augmented reality technologies e. Development of affordable, scalable, and non-proprietary human-machine interfaces is not a current priority in the private sector.

However, as new phones, tablets, smart watches, wireless earbuds, AR glasses, and more come to market, the commercial world will need to develop an integrated control scheme to manage these devices without overwhelming the user. Therefore, technology developed will have broad application to the private sector. Cauchard, J. Yuan, L. Human gaze-driven spatial tasking of an autonomous MAV.

Calhoun, G. Navy has been successful in a wide range of missions. While submerged, maintaining stealth when communicating can be done through the use of towed horizontal floating wire RF antennas.

However, new antenna and situational awareness sensor designs are not compatible with current floating wire antenna submarine deployment mechanisms. Furthermore, current antenna designs rely on deployment mechanisms designed in the s and s.

Technological advancements in material and manufacturing processes since the s create an opportunity to design a newer innovative handler with increased capability. Minimal wear is considered as feet of BCA is deployed and retrieved 40 or more times. The size and layout shall be suitable to enable replacement of the existing submarine system. The final product will be a BCA transfer mechanism that is able to provide sufficient pushing and pulling force while limiting cable stress and enabling the use of additional sensors.

The effort shall demonstrate the following capabilities. A sample cable can be provided by the Government upon contract award. Approximate available space for system are shown in Table One.

Identify BCA handling system design specifications that are critical for meeting functional requirements. Compare and contrast concept designs with the legacy transfer mechanism. Verify through modeling and simulation that the BCA transfer mechanism will enable the deployment, tow, and retirement of the antenna at a range of operating speeds and depth.

Define the process for building the antenna transfer mechanism. Develop prototype plans for Phase II. The final antenna transfer mechanism should meet the functional requirements while staying within the bounds of external requirements such as ship spec requirements, size, etc. Conduct benchtop and land-based tests.

Compare simulated results to benchtop and land-based results to demonstrate credibility of the model. Work performed during the Phase II will not be classified, but a DD will be required because the performer will need to be able to review classified technical drawings of the current Navy system. Support Government laboratory testing and Environmental Qualification Testing. Rivera, David and Bansal, R.

OBJECTIVE: Develop noncontact measurement techniques, or sensor embedding procedures in candidate hypersonic material specimens whose size scale is on the order of millimeters, and high throughput s of test per day measurement protocols under candidate hypersonic ablative shock boundary conditions.

Design of new materials and structures for hypersonic applications, as well as testing of existing materials and structures requires detailed examination of critical feature effects as a function of environmental variables. Per test cost for current materials runs into millions, with throughputs of approximately specimen per day e. Such large-scale tests also fail to capture the effect of material specific, small scale features.

The desired outcome of this work is the development of a system to measure material surface pressure, stress, and temperature under shock loading and at laser ablation temperatures to examine effectiveness of hypersonic materials under realistic plasma, flow, and thermal shock conditions with micrometer scale resolution. This can be accomplished via noncontact or embedded, preferably passive, sensors embedded in hypersonic materials to predict material surface pressure in realistic flight conditions.

The developed system must have a robust calibration technique and small scale spatial and temporal resolution, preferably down to the micrometer and microsecond scale. Ultimately, the sensors and materials to be examined must be evaluated in realistic flow conditions. The outcomes of the proposed work are: 1 Non-contact or passive wireless embedded sensors, which are inexpensive for remote monitoring of surface pressure, temperature, and stress in hypersonic materials subjected to realistic flow conditions; 2 Calibration of sensors for predicting surface pressure during in-situ measurements; and 3 Wind-tunnel measurements to put calibrated sensors in realistic flow conditions for evaluating sensor performance at various flow conditions that are appropriate to the hypersonic regime.

Demonstrate proof of concept of the measurement system in a laboratory environment using laser ablation or other means of generating representative temperatures, stress, etc.

High throughput capability should be demonstrated order of magnitude increase over state-of-the-art with a clear path to increase the number of tests per day by approximately two orders of magnitude over the current state-of-the-art, while also demonstrating the improved spatial and temporal measurement resolution.

The Phase I Option, if exercised, will include the initial design specifications and capabilities description to build a prototype solution in Phase II. PHASE II: Produce a prototype system capable of high throughput approximately two orders of magnitude increase over current state of the art measurements, which is achieved via a non-contact or embedded passive sensor array, including improved spatial and temporal resolution.

Demonstrate the prototype in a hypersonic flow environment. Correlate the results with current state-of-the-art test results. Prepare a Phase III development plan to transition the technology for Navy use and potential commercial use.

It is probable that the work under this effort will be classified under Phase II see Description section for details. PHASE III: High throughput, high fidelity testing of high temperature materials will allow for materials and structures to be evaluated more rapidly and at lower cost.

Other systems, such as those associated with space propulsion could benefit from this type of high throughput testing. Olokun, T. DOI: Dhiman, A. Additionally, when faced with high-power electromagnetic threats, the communication and guidance systems should have the capability of being rapidly tuned to a different frequency outside the frequency range of the threat. While various technologies, including those based on semiconductors, ferrites, mechanical devices, etc.

Devices based on low-temperature plasmas are promising for tunable high-power limiters and impedance elements. Plasma discharges can be turned on and their properties can be changed rapidly, on a nanosecond time scale.

Insertion losses of such devices can be very low. Commercially available sealed plasma devices are also compact and inexpensive and have been shown to be robust in prolonged operation at Very High Frequency VHF to gigahertz GHz range frequencies; however, the characteristics of the gas mixtures are proprietary, and limited to a few commercially available sources with limited information on the plasma characteristics.

The electromagnetic properties of plasma discharges are quite rich, combining resistive, inductive, and capacitive behavior, and those properties can be varied widely by, e. Research aimed at understanding, characterizing, and evaluating such behavior is critical for the development of plasma-based limiters and switches, focused on improving performance and flexibility in a contested Radio Frequency RF environment.

Based on previous research and development References , the plasma-based switches and antennas should be frequency-tunable in a wide range over an octave and operate at a power level of over Watts W , but capabilities that have not yet been demonstrated.

Radiation at this power level would enable multiple use-cases relevant to Navy operations. The Phase I effort will not require access to classified information.

If need be, data of the same level of complexity as secured data will be provided to support Phase I work. Begin characterization of radiation properties at this power level within the tunable frequency range. The Phase I Option, if exercised, will include the initial design specifications and identify risks and propose a plan to mitigate the risks in Phase II. Develop and validate a model to describe the plasma behavior in these devices.

Develop optimal designs for both the switch and antenna using the model, given relevant use cases. Characterize the device lifetime under extreme thermal and shock conditions expected in applications. Work with the Navy on integration of the devices into the application platforms and testing their performance in the relevant conditions. Based on the integration and testing, further refine the designs.

The tunable high-power plasma switches and antennas are expected to be applicable for non-military applications such as cell phone towers.

Semnani, A. Khomenko A. In the transition zone near the point of maximum penetration depth and the onset of the semi-hydrodynamic regime, projectiles were observed to bend and yaw violently without significant mass loss.

While prior works exist to model the impact response in the transition zone [Ref 1], these studies typically focused purely on the penetration depth via semi-empirical methods. The penetration depth of cylindrical projectiles into targets across a broad range of impact velocities typically exhibits three distinct regimes. At lower impact velocities, the projectile undergoes nearly rigid body penetration within the target.

Towards the high end of the velocities in this regime, the maximum penetration depth is achieved. With further increasing striking velocities, the projectile begins to experience erosion and the penetration depth starts to saturate.

This regime is known as the semi-hydrodynamic regime. At even higher velocities, the impact phenomenon becomes hydrodynamic where the projectile strength becomes practically negligible. This phenomenon has been observed experimentally across a range of different target materials, including metals [Ref 2], geomaterials [Ref 3], and fluids [Ref 4], and across several different types of projectiles and shapes.

This yawing and bending instability causes severe deviation from the desired trajectory, and severely limits projectile penetrating performance [Ref 2]. Stability and vibration dynamics models have long been established for slender rods moving axially in fluid [Ref 5]. Depth of penetration models focused most on solid targets.

The proposed model aims to identify critical conditions and parameters resulting in this instability across different targets in order to optimize the penetrative capabilities of projectiles. The parameters of interest may include, but not be limited to, projectile aspect ratio, nose shape, velocity, and strength of materials that are interacting under conditions of different soil types or hardened materials, e.

The Phase II effort will likely require secure access, and SSP will process the DD to support the contractor for personnel and facility certification for secure access.

Identify critical conditions and parameters that affect long rod penetration into different soil types or hardened materials, e. Assess the viability of the model for long rod penetration to include mechanisms not inherent just in fluid flow or solid cavity expansion, such that the stability of the trajectory can be predicted, together with dominating parameters dictating the onset of instability.

Compare the model prediction with typical penetration cases in this and subsequent phases to assess the feasibility of the model. Design and conduct penetration experiments with flash X-ray sequence imaging for global trajectory response and Synchrotron X-ray high-speed imaging for local projectile-target interactions to validate the model.

Simultaneously, document existing experimental data in literature and conduct numerical simulations on different semi-infinite target media to fine-tune the model and identify parameter critical ranges. Validate the model within the scope of the physical and numerical experiments and literature data, and that it is ready to be further developed into a design tool.

PHASE III: Develop the model into a predictive tool, together with the resulting stability criteria and critical parameters, for applications involving long-rod penetration into semi-infinite targets. Ensure that the final product is an efficient, low-cost method of design projectiles and predicting their capabilities in penetrating various semi-infinite targets.

Applications of the final product are not limited to defense applications, as the developed model may be extended to other fields such as pile-driving in civil engineering fields. Chen, X. Piekutowski, A. Impact Eng. Bivin, Y. Solids, 45, , pp. Roecker, E. Gosselin, F.

Sound Vib. The advent of DNA sequencing and its adaptation as the gold-standard method for biological characterization led to the development of expansive genetic databases, which are now available for a use in a wide variety of studies [1,2].

Genetic typing provides a compelling means to establish identity in cases where biological evidence is available. Pedigree reconstruction further extends its utility by allowing inferences of relatedness [3]. DNA markers like single nucleotide polymorphisms SNP are shown to be informative for evaluating ancestry as well as for forensic reconstruction of lineages, and sustained efforts like the Genomes Project, GEDmatch, Family Tree DNA and others provide a wealth of accessible information that is essential to and underpins the fidelity of a given reconstruction [4].

Researchers have used various approaches, including the application of alternative statistical approaches and different combinations of markers, to improve heritability estimates and thus veracity of results. Groups report different levels of success dependent upon specific project goals [4,5,6], but some boast detection of relatedness out to 9th degree relationships and deduction of the precise degree of relatedness between 6th degree relatives e.

However, because the primary aim of such projects is maintaining high levels of accuracy, supporting analysis requires long periods of time and substantial computational resources. Although direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies make similar assurances and enjoy the advantages associated with access to massive amounts of data, their processes tend to lack scientific rigor, and the companies fall short of making quality assurance guarantees with respect to their analyses [7].

Reconstruction of family lineages has multiple military and civilian applications where identifying the probable contributors of samples of human origin is desirable. For example, one notable application is identification of missing service members.

The Armed Forces presently require provision of DNA samples from service members upon processing through enlisted basic training or officer training school, so that the samples can be used for identification of remains if needed [8]. However, prior to the establishment of the Armed Forces Repository of Specimen Samples AFRSSIR in , such samples were not required, thus establishing the identity of war casualties from fifty-plus years ago can present a considerable technical challenge.

Department of Defense Agency missions. Tradeoffs between surety and timeliness similarly plague those tasked with establishing likely identity of sample origin for the purpose of criminal investigations.

Another application of importance is identification of familial lineages that are significantly represented in terrorist network nodes. Family ties can serve as the mobilizing infrastructures for establishment of terrorist groups. The history of groups like the Irish Republican Army underscores the foundational role of kinship in the incipient formation of terrorist cells.

Several similar examples exist in other regions of the world, including those of specific interest to the U. Department of Defense, and recent high-profile acts of terrorism executed by relative and friend groups have refocused attention on the importance of family ties for establishing terrorist networks and garnering commitment to a common cause [11]. Analysing the relationships among the perpetrators of terrorist acts will, in the short term, allow identification of likely sources of recruitment and radicalization.

In the longer term, analysis of the causal and contributing factors will allow development of more effective de-radicalization strategies so that such acts can be subverted. The specific goal of the present topic is to conflate the useful elements of small-scale and large-scale approaches in order to develop a process that handles new data with high efficiency while maintaining quality in terms of analytical stringency.

The overarching aims are to validate the concept that DNA is a theater-relevant biometric and to develop a software platform that supports its operational use. PHASE I: Leverage or create a computational architecture for pedigree analysis that can be scaled to incorporate successively larger DNA datasets while maintaining operational efficiency and veracity of analyses normally conducted at smaller scales, with the end-state goal of developing a software platform that can accept new information and generate pedigrees as the data arrives.

Identify criteria for final selection of ancestry-estimation methods and markers. Explicitly identify genetic databases used for the project and indicate means by which [potentially] sensitive data were protected. Develop metrics to evaluate performance Jet Boats Small Visa of the new architecture as compared to presently available approaches and standards to represent statistical confidence in resultant pedigrees.

Initiate development of a quality assurance protocol. Phase I deliverables will include 1 a final report and 2 demonstration of the preliminary architecture to the cognizant project officer. The report should include plans for development of a user interface which will address Phase II expectations. Operating system, other software requirements, and data compatibility should be specifically addressed, as should proposed location of the final interface.

The performer will mature the architecture by improving performance as compared to the preliminary architecture evaluated as part of the Phase I effort and will modify the software, as needed, to provide for ease-of-use and �interpretation of results. PHASE III: In addition to implementing further improvements that would enhance use of the developed product by the sponsoring office, identify and exploit features that would be attractive for commercial or other private sector pedigree analysis applications.

How to Estimate Kinship. Molecular Ecology Nature BioTechniques Molecular Ecology Resources Heredity The American Journal of Human Genetics Genomic Medicine in the Military. Genomic Medicine Historically, seismic and acoustic signals have been the primary diagnostic signals of interest in explosives testing, mainly due to the relatively mature understanding of their generation and propagation, their direct applicability to damage potential and forensics, and the variety of sensors available to collect these signals.

However, other signals are generated from conventional explosives detonations that are not as well understood. It has long been known that the detonation of conventional explosives produces various types of electric and electromagnetic phenomena [].

This innovation challenge involves exploration of these electric and electromagnetic phenomena to determine how they are generated, what the measured signal content represents, and the best method s to conduct measurements of electric and electromagnetic phenomena during explosives testing. Past work has identified various general mechanisms by which the detonation of conventional explosives produces electric and electromagnetic phenomena.

These mechanisms include early time ionization [4], case breakup, piezoelectric effects [5], lightning in the debris cloud [6], seismoelectric effects, and movement of charge within porous earth materials. These phenomena are related to seismoelectric exploration [] as well as the field of magnetotellurics. An example of a DoD area of interest would be using the electric field measurements to provide information regarding weapon fuse function and other performance forensics.

Methods exist today to collect these electric field measurements, ranging from the expensive such as magnetometers and electric field meters with high frequency recording systems to cheaper options such as ground rods connected to a recording system [6], but interpretation of these measurements is an area that requires further investigation.

The desired outcome of this innovation challenge is to better understand the electric field measurements recorded during explosive tests and how they can be correlated to phenomena of interest, i. Additionally, a major issue existing today is how to separate out effects from different phenomena and therefore extract useful diagnostic information from an electric field measurement during an explosive test.

These electric field measurements currently represent a relatively untapped source of diagnostics which could provide valuable information for future tests if research efforts prove fruitful.

PHASE I: Identify the most important mechanisms that generate transient electric fields during explosive tests, and the signal types and characteristics expected from such mechanisms.

Arguments should be testable and supported using methods such as list is not exhaustive : theoretical derivations, modeling, previous studies, and simple experiments if cost feasible.

The best method or methods to collect transient electric field measurements during explosive tests should also be proposed. The Phase I deliverable is a technical report. The experimental test program shall incorporate pre-test predictions. PHASE III: Since phenomena generated during conventional explosive detonations are also generated in natural events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, there could be significant crossover between this work and other fields once enhanced understanding is obtained.

Methods and devices used to measure the electric field generated from conventional explosive detonations could also find applicability in the fields of seiesmoelectric exploration and magnetotellurics. Such errors can occur on SATCOM links which must pass through magneto-ionic media generated by nuclear weapons detonationin the high atmosphere. Detailed computer simulations to analyze and predict the disturbed channel performance have also been developed.

These simulators have been used for developmental and acceptance testing of strategic RF communication systems and components which must operate with transmitters propagating in a scintillation medium.

Two important DoD capabilities have been derived from these previous efforts: 1 the ability to harden the design of strategic RF systems against scintillation, and 2 the ability to test the performance of fielded RF systems under simulated wartime nuclear-disturbed atmosphere conditions.

ACIRF also models the filtering effects of the receive antenna. ACIRF generates pseudo-random baseband equivalent realizations of RF fading channels, and are considered to be the channels impulse response function. These realizations are stored to hard drive for use in analysis codes or in HWIL test systems.

It runs off-line to generate one fixed-length realization that must be stored and repeatedly played back to represent a fading channel effects over a long duration communication link testing scenarios. Secondly, any test or analysis application using ACIRF realizations must have a large storage and retrieval capability to accept and playback ACIRF realizations needed during HWIL testing, rather than just accepting a stream of channel realization updated in real test time.

This is appropriate for the highly-disturbed propagation paths associated with extreme wartime conditions, but not for propagation paths disturbed by distant high altitude explosions, or by natural phenomena such as tropospheric scatter or auroral Small Aluminum Jet Boats Llc effects. Matched Propagation Channel Filter FunctionThe concept of matched channel filter synthesis for compensating the effects of a disturbed magneto-ionic propagation channel has been investigated in the past.

Then, Halpin and Urkowitz of GE Aerospace Ref 5 considered implementing an intentionally pre-distorted wideband chirp radar waveform before transmission through a scintillated propagation channel. The pre-distortion essentially implemented a matched propagation channel filter at the Cobra Dane radar transmitter. Halpin chose to implement transmit waveform pre-distortion so that the propagation channel itself would filter the pre-distorted waveform, allowing linear de-chirp radar return signal processing to proceed at the radar receiver as if the propagation path had been through free space.

In this SBIR effort, we wish to find the channel filter of the scintillated channel itself in real time, and then implement the matched channel filter on receive as the method to mitigate errors imposed by the transmit channel scintillation. The matched channel filter function may be found by conjugating the determined current channel filter function, but other syntheses may also be pursued.

For this application, it remains to be shown that the MCF is the conjugate of the channel filter function. Then, the modeling study will continue with the mathematical synthesis to find the Matched Channel Filter MCF --matched to the fading channel transfer function, H w,t. The critical channel parameters needed to synthesize the MCR will also be subject to a sensitivity study in order to bound the needed accuracy of their measurement for satisfactory synthesis of the MCF.

A necessary part of the Phase I investigation is to suggest how these channel parameters may be estimated or measured in real time probably by some channel sounding technique. The Phase I modeling activity will conclude with the almost error free recovery of the communication waveform after having been passed through both a scintillated propagation channel CIRF and then recovered in a receiver outfitted with the new matched propagation channel filter for that link MCF.

Phase I modeling will affirm the feasibility of the proposed mitigation concept via matched channel filter processing. As noted, Phase I will also investigate and describe possible means of determining the real-time channel parameters for any scintillated communication link. The channel parameters to be found by real time channel sounding techniques or other are: frequency selective bandwidth, scintillation delay tau0, scintillation index, own antenna dimensions, and Line-of-sight Total Electron Content TEC.

PHASE II: Phase II will proceed to incorporate the propagation matched filter defined during Phase I into a stand-alone software emulation for the purpose of demonstrating the mitigating capability of the matched filter function. This demonstration is intended to quantify the mitigation capability of the matched channel filter probably by measuring Bit Error Rate for the disturbed digital communication waveform, based on how well the matched channel filter can be defined and implemented.

The matched channel filter can be programmed into one of the DTRA HWIL simulator test channels, and exercised when presented with the disturbed channel impulse response communications waveform.

Phase II will be completed when a detailed plan for incorporating the new matched channel filter in a scintillation HWIL test set has been prepared and delivered to the sponsor. PHASE III: The commercial market for the recently developed software and run-time CReG codes and for the matched channel filter mitigation being developed herein, includes two communities: 1 the academic community where a number of communication channel simulators have been developed for general purpose use as for example at the Naval Post Graduate School where a CoLTs-LC scintillator has been in university research use ,and 2 the commercial marketplace where tools such as the MATLAB Communications Toolbox are available.

In the academic marketplace the matched channel filter development would be of specific interest at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University where scintillation mitigation research is underway for a 28 MHz wide area communications network Ref 6. On Comm. Systems, CS 11, Dec. OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate ability to identify, aggregate, and analyze distinct data types and formats to enhance the decision-making process during the technology assessment and trade-offs, design, development, testing, and qualification phases of tactical data link systems using Model Based Systems Engineering MBSE.

The MIDS Program Office MPO is interested in significantly improving and expanding its engineering support infrastructure to enable deployment of more efficient, agile, and resilient tactical data links systems models to expedite capability to the fleet. A model-based system will enable unprecedented levels of systems understanding that can be achieved through integrated analytics, tied to a model-centric technical baseline and will support new DoD acquisition initiatives to expedite warfighting capabilities to the fleet [Refs 1, 2, 3].

Implementing this type of capability would expedite correlation of relevant technical data, software, information, knowledge and technology trade-offs to enhance tactical data link development. This environment would provide substantial acceleration of development of solutions and technology transition resulting in reduced time and significant cost reduction of critical capabilities to the warfighter.

Work produced in Phase II will likely become classified. Outline model elements, including characterizing behavior, structure, requirements, and parametrics, that further refine trades in developing tactical data link systems. Solution must specify data storage and computational requirements and will identify existing DoD capabilities that may contribute to the desired end-state capability, identify capability gaps and establish a methodology to deliver needed capability.

Information absorption and temporal requirements will be baselined during Phase I. Validate and demonstrate the proposed data analytic capability leveraging existing DoD tactical data link infrastructure. Include, at a minimum, demonstration of a prototype tool or methodology on a small system s application that is representative of a portion of the tactical data link infrastructure, and documentation describing anticipated use of the tool.

Endstate should ensure model can be used to inform tactical data link analysis including but not limited to requirements, impact, trade-off, behavior, interoperability or data flow.

The expected TRL for this project is 5 to 6. Partnership with MIDS prime vendors is encouraged, but not required. It is likely that the work under this Phase II effort will be classified see Description section for details. If the selected Phase II contractor does not have the required certification for classified work, the related DON program office will work with the contractor to facilitate certification of related personnel and facility.

Support or license the final product s and transition to the Government. The technology will have application throughout government and industry. Performers from component developers e. Partnership with prime vendors is encouraged, but not required. Shortell, Thomas M. Kobryn, P. Wang, Gang, et al. Until now such a feat would require a large number of electrical-based sensors of different types thermocouples, strain gauges, accelerometers, acoustic emission sensors, ultrasonic transducers, etc.

A system of this type is not practical, with too many parts, too many cables, with requirements for electromagnetic EMI shielding, adding significant weight to the platform, and possible requiring more maintenance sensor recalibration, re-soldering, prone to corrosion than avoiding it.

Fiber optic technology offers the possibility of performing all those monitoring activities simultaneously with a single optical fiber in a distributed fashion without corrosion or EMI issues and in a safe and cost-effective manner.

For this purpose, different types of Bragg grating BG -like sensors would be engraved in a single fiber and interrogated from one end with a multi-laser-based interrogation unit. Cost-competitive approaches already exist in the market and new ones are being developed that can monitor temperature and strain at frequencies of up a Hz or impact events and vibration in the Hz to 10 kHz range with BG grating sensors engraved in a single optical fiber of up to a kilometer and interrogated continuously with a single or multiple laser based system.

The challenge is expanding the range of applicability to reliably detect small amplitude, high frequency 10kHz - 1MHz acoustic emission events from growing cracks, spoliation, fretting from faying surfaces or other damaging mechanisms at many points in the same fiber in a cost-effective manner.

A possible solution would be to engrave a large number around or as many as technically feasible of very sensitive sensors in an optical fiber with very narrow spectral features less than 10 picometer spectral width such as BG Fabry-Perot, pi-BG, or other BG-like sensors. Most multichannel telecommunication lasers have poor frequency noise performance in the region of interest 10kHz - 1 MHz.

This topic seeks innovative approaches to develop and commercialize a cost-effective, intelligent, multi-laser based system for CBM applications. The intelligent laser based fiber optic FO CBM system will have high strain sensitivity to detect low amplitude, high frequency and short duration ultrasonic bursts of energy generated by growing cracks or other sources. The system should operate in one of the standard communication bands and monitor close to one hundred sensors in a long optical fiber.

Ultimately not in this SBIR topic , the intelligent system should be able to learn and reconfigure itself not just based on the data from all the sensors in the fiber optic network, but also from the other sources of information such as platform operations, environmental conditions, maintenance actions, structural drawings, system changes and others.

PHASE I: Define and develop a concept for a cost-effective, intelligent, multi-laser based system operating in one of the standard communication bands for monitoring close to one hundred or as many as technical feasible fiber optic sensors in a single long optical fiber. These sensors will have high strain sensitivity to detect low amplitude, high frequency, low duration, ultrasonic bursts of energy generated by growing defects. For validation purposes, and to help with the down selection for the Phase II effort, the team will conduct a laboratory demonstration of a bench top system.

The intelligent aspects of the system will also be kept to a minimum during the Phase I to maximize resources for the laser development. Ensure that a minimum of three fiber optic sensors more if the budget allows are engraved in a long optical fiber with the sensors effectively spatially and spectrally spaced to demonstrate performance.

If the budget allows, perform multiple tests that demonstrate the intelligence of the system such as by showing how it can classify different sources of AE signals in real-time or by showing how it can preposition the laser or lasers among the sensors based on knowledge gained from previous measurements. The system that demonstrates the best performance and the capability to cost effectively expand further will be selected for Phase II. PHASE II: Produce an integrated, ruggedized, cost-effective, intelligent, multi-laser based system prototype operating in one of the standard communication bands for monitoring close to one hundred or as many as technically feasible fiber optic sensors along a single long fiber to detect low amplitude, high frequency, low duration, ultrasonic burst of energy generated by growing defects.

The final prototype will include a minimum of 8 tunable lasers. If the budget allows it is desirable that other fiber optic sensors are engraved in the same optical fiber that simultaneously monitor parameter such for temperature, strain, vibration or others.

The team will perform multiple experiments to demonstrate the sensitivity, adaptability and intelligent characteristics of the system. Further refine the prototype for production and determine its effectiveness in an operationally relevant environment. A system of this nature could have a large number of commercial applications such as for structural health monitoring of civil aviation aircraft, oil tankers, bridges, and oil and gas pipelines for both integrity and security-related needs.

Zhang, Qi, et al. Hu, Lingling and Han, Ming. Thus, the Probability of Kill for a hypersonic weapon depends on both the ability to arrive at the target and to sufficiently damage it. In uncontested scenarios, this may be simply a function of time and geometry; however, in more complex scenarios that represent real-world scenarios, producing such a model requires incorporating capabilities of multiple interdependent systems.

However, for any given mission and any given time, the state of HV at impact, again, is dependent on the blue-force support systems and the effect from red-force counter systems. Develop a concept for a system of systems modeling and simulation capability that can be flexibly and iteratively refined to include models of increasing fidelity blue and red force assets, including new and novel technologies within the major systems of HVs.

The inherent functionality of the proposed analysis toolset would be applicable to any complex hypersonic vehicle application. For example, the design of planetary entry systems requiring precise targeting for landing would benefit from these innovations.

Ezra, Kristopher L. I 2. Grant, Michael J. A 3. Bogdanowicz, Zbigniew R. The UAV Launch System should be comprised of a launch technology capable of accelerating a fixed-wing, jet-powered UAV, with a wingspan of 30 feet and weight up to 6, pounds, up to knots-indicated air speed KIAS.

The launch technology must reside, to the maximum extent possible, within the hull of the ESB. The Launch System must be designed to not interfere with top-side flight deck operations of the ESB, accommodate Group UAVs with or without landing gear, and be reconfigurable such that it can conduct both shipboard launches operationally aboard an ESB and ground-based launches during demonstration testing prior to installation aboard any ship.

The sponson may extend as far as 79 feet from the ESB and is limited to a length of feet. The UAV Launch System must be simple enough in design to allow for sustained operations at high sortie generation rates i. Details of the Launch System kit need to include all the necessary subsystems and interface components required to permit their rapid installation aboard the ESB. Use a computer simulation tool, such as Solid Works, to provide analyses of the design features and projected operation of the Launch System and its major components.

Provide schedule, technical challenges, and estimated ship alt costs. Using a pound UAV provided by the Government, conduct a ground demonstration of the prototype Launch System and report results. This type of technology could be useful for commercial UAV delivery systems in cities.

The growing industry of aerial consumer package delivery could be profoundly impacted by advances in such UAV launch capabilities. Shugart, T. Defense Industry Daily Staff. Staff Writer. Military Factory, March The SRM should include maneuvers and Small Aluminum Fishing Boats Guide planning services as well as promote operational resilience.

UOPs must utilize a principled approach to assure that UAS decisions are appropriate within objectives and time requirements. UAS must overcome limits in communication and navigation. Rules of engagement may include geospatial, temporal, and behavioral constraints. This approach will augment RAIDER to determine sensor resource allocations that improve track localization where necessary to form kill chains on identified targets of interest TOIs.

The fusion-aided SRM recommendations would be sent to a higher-level autonomy function where the data fusion recommendations could be weighed against and combined with recommendations or constraints from other onboard functions to determine the MUM-T resource reallocations. In order for a set of MUM-T to develop high quality fused tracks in composable kill chains, an SRM capability is necessary to task sensors and platforms across a team to optimize track fusion.

PHASE I: Develop a prototype fusion-based capability to provide an SRM module with platform and sensor actions recommended to improve track quality in order to meet required target localization thresholds. Demonstrate UOP resilience in simulation-based experiments. Methodology should be designed to address constraints on communication between UAS, i. Information includes own-ship telemetry and sensor measurements or tracks or a combination of the two.

Each UAS must be able to determine constraints on sharing information with other UAS in the distributed autonomous systems to support mission success. Such intelligent information sharing must consider the mission s objectives, time constraints, bandwidth constraints, mission constraints, and the information required to support the mission objectives.

This topic is accepting Direct to Phase II proposals only. Proposers must provide documentation to substantiate that the scientific and technical merit and feasibility described in the Phase I section of the request for proposals has been met and describes the potential commercial applications. This will count towards the page limit. Does the company contain marketing expertise and, if not, how will that expertise be brought into the company?

Describe the potential for commercial Government or private sector application and the benefits expected to accrue from this commercialization. Marketing material will NOT be evaluated. Metrics shall be gathered from flight demonstration to show the completeness, accuracy, and timeliness of identifying, tracking, and localizing emitters. Collaborative autonomous fusion UOPs designed to address constraints on communication between UAS should be demonstrated.

The intelligent information sharing must show consideration of the mission objectives, time constraints, bandwidth constraints, mission constraints, and the information required to support the mission objectives. Metrics should be gathered from demonstration to show fusion, information sharing effectiveness, communications effectiveness, and ability to thrive and complete desired mission in denied communications and GPS environments.

The commercial sector is expected to have thousands of drones operational within the next five years. Companies will undoubtedly find a wide variety of applications for drones as the industry continues to grow, and there will be a need to perform coordinated UAS functions such as managing deliveries of commercial goods, detecting and combating forest fires, and precision farming.

Consider the commercial application of detecting and combating forest fires. Firefighting teams have limited resources with which to combat large forest fires. Therefore, it is critical that these teams allocate their resources to optimize their effectiveness in fighting these fires to minimize the fire damage.

An SRM used to fight fires would be constructed similar to the approach described above. Private sector commercial potential includes autonomous automobiles aircraft and trucks. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment. Open Group. Future Airborne Capability Environment. United Stats Air Force.

Open Mission Systems. Annotation defining regions within an image and segmentation labeling pixels within an image are data prerequisites to the development of computer vison-aided Automatic Target Recognition ATR algorithms, Machine Learning ML , and Artificial Intelligence AI capabilities. This is an extremely expensive, labor intensive task which is recognized as the single greatest bottleneck hindering algorithm development, ML, and AI.

This effort will significantly reduce the level-of-effort required to manually annotate and segment tactically relevant information in FMV. Tactical military objects offer unique, additional challenges that commercial annotation and segmentation products do not address. Commercial applications of computer vision-based autonomous systems designed for object detection are focused on autonomous vehicle technology, which emphasizes a totally different application space.

Many advances have occurred in the area Small Aluminium Jet Boats of automated annotation and segmentation of FMV for the commercial industry due to requirements of self-driving automobiles.

While similarities exist, annotation and segmentation for military tactical objects emphasize a different application space. Typical annotation by an individual varies, but statistical studies indicate an average annotation time of 35 seconds per image for a given annotator.

The capability must output XML data products which are consumable in many system architectures. It may be acceptable to preload the system with known attributes of the objects within the FMV file and the geospatial environment which the FMV was captured.

Investigate and determine the characteristics of the solution that meets the requirements. The primary deliverable is a detailed design and analysis documentation demonstrating a proposed system that meets the requirements and a demonstration of the research including software components, capabilities, and methods to be used to achieve the solution.

Develop documentation for a proposal for the solution for phase 2 consideration. Additionally, research to design, develop, and integrate a fully automated no human-in-the-loop solution to meet the requirements specified in phase 1.

Demonstrate the fully automated solution no human-in-the loop that meets the requirements using three different standard datasets, each with a minimum of 10, images. Deliver 1 semi-automated and 1 fully automated prototype to ARL for testing to validate that the fully automated system is capable of meeting the specified performance, including each of the primary requirements, updated documentation to specify all hardware, software, and firmware subsystems that defines the entire solution.

The system must be able to meet all system performance specifications. PHASE III: Further develop the platform into a fully functional product that can reliably perform fully automated no human-in-the-loop image annotation and segmentation, output data in the prescribed format, and provide the user effective options to precondition the system to produce a tailored output.

Commercial applications include the medical field for accurately screening patients for diseases such as cancer. Li; J. Zhang; P.

Gao; L. Jiang; M. Vondrick; D. Patterson; D. OBJECTIVE: Develop a method of determining preload on aircraft bolted joints through a visual indication, or alternate means, which does not require physical measurement of torque via a torque wrench and does not require disassembly of any adjacent parts.

Torque checks are one of the regularly performed maintenance actions to make sure fasteners are still within designated torque values, and that no bolted joints have loosened over the operational life of the aircraft. Unlike torque checks where the clamping force is approximated via the resistance of the spinning bolt, this type of hardware directly measures clamping force in the bolted joint.

Current available products would need to size down to accommodate aircraft application and show that the torque indication accuracy is within the desired parameters. Another method of determining preload on a bolted joint without the use of a torque wrench or other tool to turn the bolt is the use of ultrasound technology.

Ultrasound technology generally involves a probe that emits ultrasonic waves into a material and analyzes the reflection of said waves to determine the characteristics of the material. The clamping force of a bolted joint can be determined through this method by analyzing the amount of strain a bolted joint is exerting on a part. This method of inspection can often require physical contact with the bolted joint, but compared to using a torque wrench, one only needs enough space for the probe to make contact versus space for a full wrench turn.

This technology would have to be adopted to detect loss of preload on varying sized hardware to limit the need to manufacture multiple tools and reduce possible maintainer training. Current torque checking procedures require maintainers to expose the bolts to the degree that space permits free engagement of a torque wrench.

After re-installation and the torque check, a vibration check and a functional check flight FCF are often required, which take multiple maintenance man-hours to complete. This is where preload indicating hardware could be a significant game changer in reducing maintenance man-hours for torque verification.

This technology would give the maintainers a visual indication of whether or not a fastener is still exerting the required amount of preload in a bolted joint, and would eliminate a significant amount of non-mission capable hours NMCH and maintenance man-hours required as part of a physical torque verification process.

The preload indicator can be built into the bolt, the nut, the washer, or any combination of the three as long as the design does not hinder current torque check procedures, or can be a separate tool so long as it does not damage any surrounding components. The hardware should be able to accommodate bolts as small as 0. Binary preload indication should be visible enough that maintainers can clearly see an out-of-torque and over-torqued bolt during night conditions typical of ship-based operations.

The product should be able to endure corrosion prone environments typical of naval operations, vibrations, and accommodate temperatures typical of naval aircraft details will be provided to Phase I awardees. Debris commonly found inside the aircraft i. Handling and fall damage should not cause the product to lose accuracy.

The preload of the current bolted joints should remain the same, as well as keeping to the currently implemented fastener standards. Additional installed hardware on the aircraft should be no more than a combined weight of two pounds. Implementation of this hardware should also not introduce new failure modes.

Wireless inspection solutions of bolted joint preload must be consistent and accurate. Parts adjacent to the designated bolted joints should not require removal in order for the tool to properly inspect bolt preload. Ensure that the selected indicator methods have no intrinsic limitations to scaling with the bolt sizes described in the Description.

Demonstrate the feasibility of the indicator showing a path forward to meeting Phase II goals. PHASE II: Develop and build a prototype that can successfully provide indication that a bolted joint, through a visual cue, a tool, or otherwise, has either lost preload, or been over torqued.

Demonstrate non-destructive inspection of the bolted joint complies with Naval Aviation standards. Demonstrate that the prototype will withstand handling and fall damage without losing accuracy. Distribute the product, support equipment, and process specifications to maintainers. Commercial applications include structures e. Chambers, Jeffrey.

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